Writers must establish their credibility with editors and readers through strong research and the use of appropriate sources and citations. Writers and authors select the material they want to use and then convey the information to readers. With help from editors, they may revise or rewrite sections, searching for the best organization and the most appropriate phrasing.

Duties

Writers and authors typically do the following:

1. Choose subject matter that interests readers
2. Write fiction or nonfiction through scripts, novels, and biographies
3. Conduct research to obtain factual information and authentic detail
4. Write advertising copy for use by newspapers, magazines, broadcasts, and the Internet
5. Present drafts to editors and clients for feedback
6. Work with editors and clients to shape the material so it can be published

Skills

1. Adaptability. Writers and authors need to be able to adapt to newer software platforms and programs, including various Content Management Systems (CMS).

2. Creativity. Writers and authors must be able to develop new and interesting plots, characters, or ideas so they can come up with new stories.

3. Critical-thinking skills. Writers and authors must have dual expertise in thinking through or understanding new concepts, and conveying it through written word.

4. Determination. Writers and authors sometimes work on projects that take years to complete. Freelance writers who are paid per assignment must demonstrate perseverance and personal drive.

5. Persuasion. Writers, especially those in advertising, must be able to persuade others to feel a certain way about a good or service.

6. Social perceptiveness. Writers and authors must understand how readers react to certain ideas in order to connect with their audience.

7. Writing skills. Writers and authors must be able to write effectively in order to convey feeling and emotion and communicate with readers.

8. Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Key knowledge areas

1. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

2. Communications and Media — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.

3. Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.

4. Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.